Farrow & Ball Paint Finishes Explained

For most interior walls, the choice is between Dead Flat, Modern Emulsion and Estate Emulsion. The best option depends on the room, the amount of wear it receives and the appearance you want.

Dead Flat is a very low-sheen, durable finish that can be used across walls, ceilings and suitable interior woodwork and metal, making it particularly useful when you want the same finish across several surfaces.

Modern Emulsion is a durable, washable wall and ceiling finish suited to busy areas and rooms where greater resistance to moisture and everyday marks is useful.

Estate Emulsion provides Farrow & Ball's traditional chalky matt appearance and is best suited to lower-traffic interior walls and ceilings where maximum durability is less important.

For kitchen walls and ceilings, Modern Emulsion is generally the most practical Farrow & Ball finish because it is designed for durability, washability and areas subject to everyday moisture and marks.

Dead Flat can also be considered where its very low-sheen appearance and multi-surface capability are preferred.

For kitchen cupboards and other interior woodwork, use a finish designed for those surfaces rather than a standard wall emulsion. Modern Eggshell, Flat Eggshell and Dead Flat offer different levels of sheen and appearance depending on the result you want.

Modern Emulsion is generally the most suitable Farrow & Ball finish for bathroom walls and ceilings because it is designed for more demanding interior areas and offers greater resistance to moisture and regular cleaning.

Good ventilation and correct surface preparation remain important in bathrooms, particularly in areas regularly exposed to condensation.

Different finishes may be required for bathroom woodwork, radiators or other surfaces, so choose the finish according to both the room and the surface being painted.

For interior woodwork, Farrow & Ball offers several suitable finishes including Dead Flat, Modern Eggshell and Flat Eggshell. The best choice depends largely on the level of durability and sheen you want.

Dead Flat provides a very low-sheen appearance and can help create a consistent finish across walls and woodwork. Modern Eggshell provides a tougher eggshell finish for frequently used interior surfaces, while Flat Eggshell provides a lower-sheen alternative.

Whichever finish you choose, correct preparation and the appropriate primer or undercoat are important for a durable result.

For kitchen cupboards, choose a durable Farrow & Ball finish designed for interior woodwork or cabinetry rather than a standard wall emulsion. Modern Eggshell is a strong choice where durability and easy cleaning are priorities, while Flat Eggshell provides a lower-sheen appearance.

Dead Flat may also be suitable for some interior cabinetry where a much flatter appearance is wanted.

Preparation is especially important on kitchen cupboards. Existing coatings, bare timber, MDF and previously painted surfaces may require different preparation and primer systems before the finish coat is applied.

Estate Emulsion, Modern Emulsion and Dead Flat can all be used on suitable interior ceilings, with the best choice depending on the room and the finish you want.

Estate Emulsion is particularly suited to ceilings where a traditional chalky matt appearance is preferred. Modern Emulsion can be useful in kitchens, bathrooms and other areas where greater durability or moisture resistance is required, while Dead Flat provides a very low-sheen finish that can be continued from walls onto ceilings for a consistent appearance.

Farrow & Ball Dead Flat is Farrow & Ball's most matt paint finish, with a sheen level of approximately 2%.

Unlike a traditional wall-only emulsion, Dead Flat is a multi-surface finish. It can be used across interior walls, ceilings, suitable woodwork, metal and radiators, allowing the same colour and matt appearance to continue across different surfaces.

It is also washable, wipeable and scuff resistant, making it suitable for areas such as living rooms, hallways and playrooms.

Dead Flat can be used on a wide range of interior surfaces, including walls, ceilings, woodwork and appropriately prepared metal.

It can also be used on conventional hot-water radiators where the surface temperature does not exceed 60°C. Farrow & Ball does not recommend it for steam-filled radiators, which operate at considerably higher temperatures.

This versatility makes Dead Flat particularly useful for colour-drenched interiors where walls, woodwork and other architectural details are painted in the same colour and finish.

Yes. Dead Flat can be used on suitable interior woodwork. This includes surfaces such as skirting boards, doors, door frames, architraves, picture rails, dado rails and interior wooden window frames and sills.

Correct preparation is important. Previously painted wood should be sound, clean and dry, with loose or peeling paint removed and the surface lightly sanded. Farrow & Ball recommends its Wood Primer & Undercoat where required before applying two coats of the chosen finish.

Yes. Dead Flat is described by Farrow & Ball as both washable and wipeable.

For cleaning, use a soft damp microfibre cloth or sponge and avoid harsh or bleach-based cleaning products. Farrow & Ball recommends allowing the paint approximately two weeks to fully harden or cure before subjecting it to cleaning or significant wear.

Yes. Dead Flat combines an extremely matt appearance with a durable, scuff-resistant finish.

It is washable, wipeable and scuff resistant and has a Wet Abrasion Class 1 rating. This makes it suitable for frequently used interior spaces such as hallways, living rooms and playrooms.

Yes. Dead Flat can be used on conventional hot-water radiators provided the surface temperature does not exceed 60°C.

The radiator should be switched off and completely cool before preparation and painting. Farrow & Ball recommends suitable preparation and Metal Primer & Undercoat before applying the finish.

Dead Flat is not recommended for steam-filled radiators, and cast-iron radiators may require a specialist primer because water-based primers can cause flash rusting.

Yes. Dead Flat is particularly well suited to colour drenching because the same finish can be continued across multiple interior surfaces.

Farrow & Ball specifically lists Dead Flat among the finishes suitable for colour drenching across multiple surfaces and notes that using the same finish on all surfaces can help achieve the best results when colour drenching a room.

Farrow & Ball recommends two coats of Dead Flat under normal conditions.

This follows the appropriate surface preparation and primer or undercoat where required. Darker or stronger colours may sometimes require additional coats to achieve the desired depth and uniformity of colour.

Dead Flat is normally dry in approximately two hours and can typically be recoated after four hours.

It is important not to apply the next coat simply because the surface looks dry. Its very matt appearance can make Dead Flat appear dry sooner than it actually is, so Farrow & Ball specifically recommends allowing the full four-hour recoat time.

Some darker colours can take up to 14 days to achieve full hardness, strength and durability.

Dead Flat has a stated coverage rate of up to 12m² per litre per coat.

Actual coverage can vary depending on the surface, its porosity, application method and other conditions.

Whether you need a primer or undercoat depends on the surface being painted.

For walls and ceilings, Farrow & Ball recommends Wall & Ceiling Primer & Undercoat where required. For interior woodwork, use Wood Primer & Undercoat, and for suitable metal surfaces use Metal Primer & Undercoat.

Correct preparation and priming help the finish adhere properly, promote even absorption and help achieve the intended depth and consistency of colour.

Farrow & Ball Modern Emulsion is a durable, washable matt paint for interior walls and ceilings, with a sheen level of approximately 7%.

It has excellent scrub and stain resistance and achieves a Class 1 wet abrasion rating, making it particularly useful in rooms that need a tougher wall finish.

Modern Emulsion also contains preservatives that help protect the paint against mould, which is one reason it is especially suited to kitchens and bathrooms.

Modern Emulsion is designed primarily for interior walls and ceilings and is particularly well suited to kitchens, bathrooms and busy areas.

Its washable, wipeable and stain-resistant finish makes it a practical choice for rooms where walls are more likely to encounter marks, moisture or regular cleaning.

It should not, however, be used inside shower enclosures or on surfaces that are in direct contact with water.

Yes. Modern Emulsion is specifically recommended by Farrow & Ball for bathrooms.

It combines a matt appearance with good durability and washability and contains preservatives that help protect the finish against mould.

It is not designed for surfaces subject to direct water contact, so it should not be used inside a shower enclosure. Good ventilation and management of condensation are also important in high-humidity rooms.

Yes. Modern Emulsion is particularly well suited to kitchen walls and ceilings.

Its Class 1 scrub rating and washable, wipeable and stain-resistant surface make it a practical choice for busy rooms where walls may need regular cleaning.

As with bathrooms, it should not be used on surfaces subject to direct or standing water.

Yes. Modern Emulsion is washable, wipeable and stain resistant.

For routine cleaning, Farrow & Ball recommends gently wiping the surface with a soft damp microfibre cloth or sponge. Bleach-based cleaning products should not be used, and cleaning products should first be tested on an inconspicuous area.

Allow the paint at least 14 days before cleaning so the paint film has time to fully cure.

Modern Emulsion is one of Farrow & Ball's more durable wall and ceiling finishes and has a Class 1 wet abrasion rating.

It is designed to resist everyday stains, scuffs and cleaning better than a traditional low-traffic emulsion.

That combination makes it particularly useful for busy family spaces, hallways, kitchens and bathrooms.

Yes. Farrow & Ball's current technical guidance includes preparation and application instructions for using Modern Emulsion on interior woodwork.

Previously painted or bare wood should be properly prepared and Farrow & Ball Wood Primer & Undercoat used where required before applying two coats of the chosen finish.

For areas subject to heavier wear, it is also worth comparing Modern Emulsion with Farrow & Ball's dedicated woodwork finishes before deciding which is most suitable.

Yes. Modern Emulsion can be used on conventional hot-water radiators where the surface temperature does not exceed 60°C.

The radiator should be switched off and allowed to cool before painting. Suitable preparation and Metal Primer & Undercoat are required before applying the finish.

Farrow & Ball does not recommend Modern Emulsion for steam-filled radiators operating at substantially higher temperatures.

Yes. Farrow & Ball lists Modern Emulsion as one of its finishes suitable for colour drenching across multiple surfaces.

For the most consistent result when using one colour across a room, Farrow & Ball recommends using the same finish on all suitable surfaces.

Farrow & Ball recommends two coats of Modern Emulsion over a correctly prepared and suitably primed surface.

Darker or stronger colours can sometimes require additional coats to achieve the intended depth and consistency of colour.

Correct preparation is important because the primer or mist coat helps the topcoat adhere properly and develop an even finish.

Modern Emulsion is typically dry in around 2 hours and can normally be recoated after 4 hours.

These figures are based on normal conditions. Cooler temperatures, higher humidity and some darker colours can increase drying times.

Full hardness and durability can take considerably longer, with some darker colours taking up to 14 days to fully cure.

Modern Emulsion has a stated coverage rate of up to 12m² per litre, per coat.

Actual coverage can vary depending on the condition, texture and porosity of the surface and the method used to apply the paint.

The correct preparation depends on the surface you're painting, but Farrow & Ball recommends appropriate priming or a mist coat where required before applying Modern Emulsion.

For interior walls and ceilings, the recommended product is Farrow & Ball Wall & Ceiling Primer & Undercoat. Different primers are specified for wood and metal.

A properly prepared base helps adhesion, even absorption and full colour development, particularly when making a significant colour change.

Farrow & Ball Estate Emulsion is a very matt interior wall and ceiling paint with a sheen level of approximately 2%.

It is Farrow & Ball's signature chalky matt finish, designed to create a soft, traditional appearance that responds particularly well to changing light.

Estate Emulsion is best suited to lower-traffic interior spaces where its very matt appearance is more important than maximum durability or washability.

Estate Emulsion is designed for interior walls and ceilings and is particularly well suited to lower-traffic areas such as bedrooms and living rooms.

It is not recommended for kitchens, bathrooms or other areas of high wear. For rooms that require greater durability and resistance to regular cleaning, another Farrow & Ball finish should be considered.

Yes. Bedrooms are one of the rooms particularly well suited to Farrow & Ball Estate Emulsion.

Bedrooms generally experience less wear than kitchens, hallways and other busy areas, making them a good setting for Estate Emulsion's very matt 2% sheen and traditional chalky appearance.

Yes. Estate Emulsion is particularly suited to living room walls and ceilings where a very matt, traditional finish is wanted.

Its 2% sheen gives colours a soft appearance and allows them to respond subtly to natural and artificial light throughout the day. In particularly busy living spaces where walls require frequent cleaning, a more durable finish may be preferable.

No. Estate Emulsion is not recommended for kitchens.

Farrow & Ball identifies kitchens as areas where Estate Emulsion should not be used because the finish is intended for lower-traffic interior spaces and is gently wipeable rather than washable.

A more durable Farrow & Ball finish should be chosen for kitchen walls.

No. Estate Emulsion is not recommended for bathrooms.

Bathrooms experience higher humidity, condensation and regular changes in temperature. Farrow & Ball lists bathrooms among the areas where Estate Emulsion is not suitable.

A finish designed for greater durability and moisture resistance should be used instead.

No. Farrow & Ball Estate Emulsion is gently wipeable but it is not classed as washable.

Light marks can be wiped gently using a soft damp cloth or sponge, but repeated or vigorous cleaning can mark or scuff its very matt surface. Bleach-based cleaning products should not be used.

For areas that need regular cleaning or experience greater wear, Farrow & Ball recommends considering Dead Flat instead.

Estate Emulsion is designed primarily for its very matt appearance rather than maximum durability.

It has a Wet Abrasion Class 2 rating, but Farrow & Ball describes the finished surface as gently wipeable rather than washable. It is therefore best used in lower-traffic rooms where walls are unlikely to require frequent cleaning.

For higher-wear areas, a tougher Farrow & Ball finish such as Dead Flat should be considered.

Estate Emulsion can be used on walls and ceilings as part of a colour-drenched scheme, but it is not one of Farrow & Ball's multi-surface finishes.

If you want the same colour across walls, ceilings, woodwork and other suitable interior surfaces, Farrow & Ball advises that the best results are achieved by using a finish suitable for those surfaces.

Dead Flat, Modern Emulsion, Flat Eggshell and Modern Eggshell are among the finishes Farrow & Ball identifies as suitable for colour drenching across multiple surfaces.

Yes. Estate Emulsion has Farrow & Ball's highest Class I rating for water-vapour permeability.

Its water-vapour transmission rating means moisture vapour can pass through the paint film, making Estate Emulsion a breathable finish.

Farrow & Ball also identifies Estate Emulsion as one of the breathable finishes that may be used on suitable surfaces in cellars and basements. The underlying surface must be appropriate, and Estate Emulsion should not be applied to surfaces with a pH greater than 10.

Farrow & Ball recommends two coats of Estate Emulsion under normal conditions.

Darker or stronger colours may require additional coats. Correct surface preparation and the appropriate primer or undercoat are important for achieving full colour depth and an even finish.

Estate Emulsion is normally dry in approximately two hours and can typically be recoated after two hours.

These times are based on normal decorating conditions. Cooler temperatures, higher humidity and some darker colours can increase drying times.

Estate Emulsion has a stated coverage rate of up to 14m² per litre per coat.

Actual coverage can vary according to the condition, texture and porosity of the surface, as well as the application method.

The preparation required depends on the surface being painted.

Farrow & Ball recommends Wall & Ceiling Primer & Undercoat for suitable interior walls and ceilings where a primer and undercoat is required.

Correct priming helps the Estate Emulsion adhere properly, promotes even absorption and helps achieve the intended depth of colour and consistent finish.

Farrow & Ball Modern Eggshell is the toughest finish in the Farrow & Ball range, designed for hardworking interior wood and metal surfaces.

It has a sheen level of approximately 40%, giving it a more noticeable lustre than Farrow & Ball's matt finishes while providing a durable, practical surface.

It is washable and wipeable and is particularly suited to surfaces such as kitchen cabinetry, skirting boards, stairs and floors.

Modern Eggshell is designed for hardworking interior wood and metal surfaces, including cabinetry, skirting boards, stairs and suitable floors.

Farrow & Ball also provides application guidance for suitable interior metal, radiators, MDF, interior brickwork and concrete floors.

It is not suitable for exterior decking or other pressure-treated wood, floors subject to frequent vehicle movement, or certain screeds including calcium sulphate, anhydrite and hemi-hydrate screeds.

Yes. Modern Eggshell is specifically designed for hardworking interior woodwork.

It can be used on suitably prepared surfaces such as skirting boards, doors, door frames, architraves, picture rails, dado rails and interior wooden window frames and sills.

Previously painted wood should be sound, clean and dry, with weak or peeling coatings removed and the surface lightly sanded. Farrow & Ball Wood Primer & Undercoat should be used where required before applying the finish.

Yes. Kitchen cabinetry is one of the surfaces Farrow & Ball specifically recommends Modern Eggshell for.

Its combination of durability, washability and 40% sheen makes it particularly suited to cupboards and other frequently handled interior joinery.

Correct preparation is important. When brushing doors or cabinetry, Farrow & Ball recommends laying off the final brush strokes in the direction of the grain and finishing strokes at visible carpentry joints for the best appearance.

Yes. Modern Eggshell can be used on suitable interior wooden floors and certain interior concrete floors.

Wooden floors should be securely fixed, properly cleaned and prepared before applying the appropriate Wood Primer & Undercoat followed by two full coats of Modern Eggshell.

New concrete should be left for at least three months before painting, and appropriate preparation and priming may be required. Modern Eggshell is not suitable for floors subject to frequent vehicle movement.

Yes. Modern Eggshell can be used on suitably prepared interior metal surfaces.

Ferrous and non-ferrous metals require the appropriate preparation and Farrow & Ball Metal Primer & Undercoat. Galvanised metal requires additional preparation using an etch primer or mordant solution before the primer and finish are applied.

Cast iron may require a specialist primer because water-based primers can cause flash rusting.

Yes. Modern Eggshell can be used on conventional hot-water radiators where the surface temperature does not exceed 60°C.

The radiator should be switched off and allowed to cool before preparation and painting. Weak paint and rust should be removed, followed by suitable Metal Primer & Undercoat and the finish coats.

Farrow & Ball does not recommend Modern Eggshell for steam-filled radiators operating at higher temperatures.

Yes. Farrow & Ball lists Modern Eggshell as one of its finishes suitable for colour drenching across multiple surfaces.

When using the same colour throughout a room, Farrow & Ball notes that the best results can be achieved by using the same finish on all suitable surfaces.

Dead Flat, Modern Emulsion, Flat Eggshell and Modern Eggshell are all identified as suitable finishes for multi-surface colour drenching.

Yes. Modern Eggshell is washable and wipeable.

Farrow & Ball recommends gently cleaning the surface with a soft damp cloth or sponge. Bleach-based cleaning products should not be used, and other cleaning products should first be tested in an inconspicuous area.

Allow at least 14 days after painting before cleaning so that the paint film has time to fully cure.

Modern Eggshell is Farrow & Ball's toughest paint finish and has a Wet Abrasion Class 1 rating.

It is designed specifically for hardworking surfaces such as cabinetry, skirting boards, stairs and floors where greater resistance to everyday wear is required.

On floors, Farrow & Ball recommends allowing at least 24 hours before exposing the surface to heavy traffic.

Farrow & Ball Modern Eggshell has a sheen level of approximately 40%.

This gives the finish a noticeably more reflective appearance than Farrow & Ball's matt paints while retaining the softer look associated with an eggshell rather than a full gloss finish.

Farrow & Ball recommends two coats of Modern Eggshell under normal conditions.

Darker or stronger colours may require additional coats. The surface should first be correctly prepared and the appropriate primer or undercoat used where required.

Modern Eggshell is normally dry in approximately two hours and can typically be recoated after four hours.

These times are based on normal conditions. Cooler temperatures, higher humidity and some darker colours can increase drying times.

Some darker colours may take up to 14 days to achieve full hardness, strength and durability.

Modern Eggshell has a stated coverage rate of up to 12m² per litre per coat.

Actual coverage can vary according to the condition and porosity of the surface, the application method and the amount of preparation required.

The correct primer or undercoat depends on the surface being painted.

Farrow & Ball recommends Wood Primer & Undercoat for suitable interior woodwork and wooden floors, and Metal Primer & Undercoat for suitable metal surfaces.

Unsound masonry and certain interior concrete floors may require Farrow & Ball Masonry & Plaster Stabilising Primer. Correct priming helps adhesion, even absorption and full colour development before the Modern Eggshell topcoat is applied.

Farrow & Ball Flat Eggshell is a low-sheen, super-tough interior finish for wood, metal and concrete, with a sheen level of approximately 20%.

It is designed to provide greater durability than Farrow & Ball's matt finishes while retaining a relatively understated appearance.

Flat Eggshell is scrubbable, stain-resistant and scuff-resistant, making it particularly useful for hardworking interior surfaces such as skirting boards, stairs, kitchen cabinets and floors.

Flat Eggshell can be used on suitably prepared interior wood, metal and concrete, including many hardworking surfaces and floors.

Typical uses include skirting boards, doors, door frames, architraves, interior window frames and sills, stairs, kitchen cabinetry and suitable wooden or concrete floors.

Farrow & Ball also provides preparation guidance for MDF, radiators, interior walls and ceilings and suitable interior brickwork.

Yes. Flat Eggshell is designed for interior woodwork and is particularly suitable where a durable finish with a subtle sheen is wanted.

It can be used on suitably prepared skirting boards, doors, door frames, architraves, picture rails, dado rails and interior wooden window frames and sills.

For interior woodwork, Farrow & Ball recommends the appropriate Wood Primer & Undercoat before applying two coats of the finish.

Yes. Kitchen cabinets are one of the surfaces specifically highlighted by Farrow & Ball for Flat Eggshell.

Its 20% sheen gives cabinetry a subtle, classic lustre, while its scrubbable, stain-resistant and scuff-resistant properties make it suitable for frequently handled surfaces.

When brushing doors or cabinetry, Farrow & Ball recommends laying off the final brush strokes in the direction of the grain and finishing strokes at visible carpentry joints.

Yes. Flat Eggshell is tough enough for suitable interior wooden and concrete floors.

Wooden floors should be sound, securely fixed, thoroughly cleaned and correctly prepared. Farrow & Ball recommends Wood Primer & Undercoat followed by two full coats of Flat Eggshell.

New concrete should be left for at least three months before painting and correctly prepared before Flat Eggshell is applied. It is not suitable for floors subject to frequent vehicle movement.

Yes. Flat Eggshell can be applied to suitably prepared interior metal.

Ferrous and non-ferrous metals should be thoroughly cleaned, degreased and prepared before applying the appropriate Farrow & Ball Metal Primer & Undercoat and two coats of the finish.

Galvanised metal requires additional preparation with an etch primer or mordant solution. Cast iron may require a specialist primer because water-based primers can cause flash rusting.

Yes. Flat Eggshell can be used on conventional hot-water radiators where the surface temperature does not exceed 60°C.

The radiator should be switched off and allowed to cool before preparation and painting. The surface should then be correctly prepared and primed with the appropriate Metal Primer & Undercoat.

Farrow & Ball does not recommend the finish for steam-filled radiators operating at higher temperatures.

Yes. Farrow & Ball identifies Flat Eggshell as suitable for colour drenching across multiple surfaces.

When colour drenching a room, Farrow & Ball advises that the best results can be achieved by using the same finish on all suitable surfaces.

Dead Flat, Modern Emulsion, Flat Eggshell and Modern Eggshell are all listed as suitable multi-surface finishes for colour drenching.

Yes. Flat Eggshell is washable, wipeable and scrubbable.

For routine cleaning, Farrow & Ball recommends gently wiping the surface with a soft damp cloth or sponge. Bleach-based cleaning products should not be used, and other cleaners should first be tested on an inconspicuous area.

Allow at least 14 days after painting before cleaning so that the paint film has time to fully cure.

Flat Eggshell is a highly durable finish with a Wet Abrasion Class 1 rating.

Farrow & Ball describes it as super tough, scrubbable, stain-resistant and scuff-resistant. It is durable enough for demanding interior surfaces including stairs and suitable floors.

This makes it particularly useful where greater resistance to everyday wear is needed without moving to the higher 40% sheen of Modern Eggshell.

Farrow & Ball Flat Eggshell has a sheen level of approximately 20%.

This gives woodwork, cabinetry and other surfaces a subtle lustre. It is noticeably less reflective than Modern Eggshell, which has a higher sheen, while providing more sheen than Farrow & Ball's matt finishes.

Farrow & Ball recommends two coats of Flat Eggshell under normal conditions.

Darker or stronger colours may require additional coats. Correct surface preparation and the appropriate primer or undercoat should be used where required before applying the finish.

Flat Eggshell is normally dry in approximately two hours and can typically be recoated after four hours.

Drying can take longer in cooler temperatures or higher humidity, and darker colours may also require additional drying time.

Some darker colours can take up to 14 days to achieve full hardness, strength and durability.

Flat Eggshell has a stated coverage rate of up to 12m² per litre per coat.

Actual coverage will depend on factors such as the condition and porosity of the surface and the method used to apply the paint.

The appropriate primer or undercoat depends on the surface being painted.

Farrow & Ball recommends Wood Primer & Undercoat for interior woodwork, Metal Primer & Undercoat for suitable metal, and Wall & Ceiling Primer & Undercoat for suitable interior walls and ceilings.

Unsound masonry and interior concrete floors may require Masonry & Plaster Stabilising Primer. Correct preparation and priming help the finish adhere properly, absorb evenly and develop its full colour.

Farrow & Ball Full Gloss is a highly durable, water-based paint with a reflective 95% sheen.

It is designed primarily for interior and exterior wood and metal and provides a much more reflective appearance than Farrow & Ball's eggshell and matt finishes.

Full Gloss is washable and wipeable and, when correctly applied, is resistant to water, flaking, peeling and colour fade for up to six years.

Full Gloss can be used on a wide range of properly prepared interior and exterior surfaces.

Typical uses include doors, door frames, skirting boards, architraves, window frames, furniture and metalwork. It can also be used on conventional hot-water radiators and, with the correct preparation, certain interior and exterior masonry surfaces.

It is not suitable for plastic, exterior decking or other pressure-treated wood.

Farrow & Ball Full Gloss has a sheen level of approximately 95%.

This makes it Farrow & Ball's most reflective paint finish and gives painted surfaces a distinctive high-gloss appearance.

Because the finish reflects considerably more light than an eggshell or matt paint, colours can appear particularly rich and dramatic.

Yes. Full Gloss is designed for both interior and exterior woodwork.

It can be used on surfaces such as doors, skirting boards, architraves, window frames and other suitably prepared wooden surfaces.

Farrow & Ball recommends its Wood Primer & Undercoat before Full Gloss where appropriate. Correct preparation is particularly important with a high-gloss finish because imperfections in the underlying surface can become much more noticeable.

Yes. Full Gloss is suitable for properly prepared exterior wood and metal.

When correctly applied, Farrow & Ball states that Full Gloss is resistant to water, flaking, peeling and colour fade for up to six years.

It should not be used on exterior decking or other pressure-treated wood. Exterior surfaces should be sound, clean, dry and correctly prepared before painting.

Yes. Full Gloss can be used on properly prepared interior and exterior metal.

The exact preparation depends on the type and condition of the metal. Farrow & Ball recommends Metal Primer & Undercoat for appropriate metal surfaces.

Cast iron and some specialist metal surfaces may require a different primer, so identifying the substrate before painting is important.

Yes. Full Gloss can be used on conventional hot-water radiators where the surface temperature does not exceed 60°C.

The radiator should be switched off and completely cool before preparation and painting.

Farrow & Ball does not recommend Full Gloss for steam-filled radiators operating at substantially higher temperatures.

Yes. Full Gloss can be used on suitably prepared interior walls if you want a deliberately highly reflective finish.

However, the 95% sheen will highlight surface texture and imperfections considerably more than a matt wall paint.

Farrow & Ball recommends brush application for Full Gloss on large wall areas rather than a roller, because roller application can reduce the apparent sheen and leave a slightly stippled surface.

Yes. Farrow & Ball Full Gloss is washable and wipeable.

For routine cleaning, Farrow & Ball recommends gently wiping the surface with a soft damp microfibre cloth or sponge.

The paint should be allowed to cure before cleaning. Farrow & Ball recommends waiting at least 14 days so that the paint film has time to develop its full hardness and durability.

Full Gloss is one of Farrow & Ball's most durable decorative finishes.

When correctly prepared and applied, it is resistant to water, flaking, peeling and colour fade for up to six years, making it suitable for demanding interior and exterior wood and metal surfaces.

As with any paint, durability depends on appropriate surface preparation, priming, application and environmental conditions.

Yes. The very high 95% sheen of Full Gloss can make imperfections considerably more noticeable.

Small dents, filling marks, sanding scratches and uneven surfaces can be emphasised by reflected light.

For the best result, the surface should therefore be filled, sanded and prepared as smoothly as possible before Full Gloss is applied.

Farrow & Ball recommends two coats of Full Gloss over a correctly prepared and primed surface.

Darker or stronger colours may sometimes require additional coats to achieve an even finish and full colour depth.

The appropriate Farrow & Ball Primer & Undercoat should be used where required before applying the topcoats.

Full Gloss is normally dry in approximately two hours and can typically be recoated after four hours.

Drying times are based on normal conditions and can be longer in cool or humid environments.

Some darker colours can take up to 14 days to develop their full hardness, strength and durability.

Farrow & Ball Full Gloss covers up to approximately 12m² per litre per coat.

Actual coverage can vary depending on the surface condition, porosity, application method and amount of paint applied.

As a rough guide, a 750ml tin can cover up to approximately 9m² per coat, while a 2.5 litre tin can cover up to approximately 30m² per coat.

In many applications, yes. The correct primer or undercoat helps Full Gloss adhere properly and produce an even, durable finish.

For wood, Farrow & Ball recommends Wood Primer & Undercoat, while appropriate metal surfaces use Metal Primer & Undercoat. Wall applications may require Wall & Ceiling Primer & Undercoat.

The exact preparation depends on whether the surface is bare or previously painted and on the material being painted.

Farrow & Ball Exterior Eggshell is a durable water-based exterior paint with a silky 20% sheen.

It is designed for surfaces including exterior wood and metal, making it suitable for areas such as window frames, cladding, guttering and railings.

Its flexible resin-rich formula expands and contracts with changing weather conditions to help resist flaking, peeling and colour fade for up to six years.

Exterior Eggshell can be used on properly prepared exterior wood, metal and a number of other suitable surfaces.

Typical applications include wooden window frames, exterior doors, cladding, metal guttering, railings and other exterior joinery and metalwork.

It can also be used on suitably prepared brickwork and terracotta, subject to the appropriate preparation for the surface.

Farrow & Ball Exterior Eggshell has a sheen level of approximately 20%.

This creates a silky eggshell appearance with noticeably less reflection than Full Gloss while still providing a subtle sheen that works particularly well on exterior woodwork and metal.

Yes. Exterior Eggshell is specifically designed for properly prepared exterior woodwork.

It can be used on surfaces such as wooden window frames, doors, exterior joinery and cladding.

Bare exterior wood should normally be prepared with Farrow & Ball Wood Primer & Undercoat before applying two coats of Exterior Eggshell.

Exterior Eggshell is not suitable for exterior decking or other pressure-treated wood.

Yes. Exterior Eggshell can be used on properly prepared exterior metal surfaces.

Typical applications include metal guttering, railings and other exterior metalwork.

Ferrous and non-ferrous metals normally require Farrow & Ball Metal Primer & Undercoat. Galvanised metal requires additional preparation with an appropriate Etch Primer or Mordant Solution before priming.

Cast iron may require a specialist primer because water-based primers can cause flash rusting.

Yes. Farrow & Ball Exterior Eggshell can be used on suitable interior and exterior brickwork, with the exception of Fletton bricks.

The brickwork must be clean, fully dry and free from dirt, mould, salts and other contaminants, and the mortar should be fully cured before painting.

Farrow & Ball advises diluting Exterior Eggshell by 20% with water for this application. Extra care is required with solid walls or walls without effective damp proofing because moisture can cause loss of adhesion and the appearance of salts.

Yes. Exterior Eggshell can be applied to suitable terracotta surfaces.

Farrow & Ball specifies that two coats can be applied directly to terracotta, allowing a minimum of four hours drying time between coats.

Farrow & Ball Exterior Eggshell is designed to resist flaking, peeling and colour fade for up to six years when correctly prepared and applied.

Its flexible resin-rich formulation allows the coating to expand and contract as exterior surfaces respond to changing weather conditions.

Actual longevity will depend on the condition and preparation of the surface, application and the environment to which the painted surface is exposed.

Exterior Eggshell has Farrow & Ball's highest Class III rating for resistance to liquid water penetration.

Its measured liquid water permeability is 0.02 kg/m²√24h, placing it within Class III, which represents the highest waterproof rating under the stated test classification.

It also achieves Class I for water-vapour permeability, Farrow & Ball's stated highest breathability classification.

Yes. Exterior Eggshell can be gently wiped clean once the paint has fully cured.

Farrow & Ball recommends using a soft damp microfibre cloth or sponge and avoiding bleach-based cleaning products.

Allow at least 14 days after painting before cleaning so the paint film has sufficient time to cure.

Exterior Eggshell should not be applied below 10°C, above 30°C, in direct sunlight or when rain is likely.

Farrow & Ball recommends applying the paint early enough in the day to allow it to dry before evening condensation develops.

High humidity and unsuitable surface temperatures can slow drying and curing and increase the risk of coating failure, so dry and stable weather conditions are important.

Farrow & Ball recommends two coats of Exterior Eggshell over a correctly prepared and primed surface.

Darker or stronger colours may require additional coats to achieve full opacity and colour depth.

The correct Farrow & Ball Primer & Undercoat should be used where required before applying the topcoats.

Exterior Eggshell is normally dry in approximately two hours and can typically be recoated after four hours.

These times are based on normal painting conditions. Cooler temperatures or higher humidity can increase drying and recoat times.

Some darker colours can take up to 14 days to develop their full hardness, strength and durability.

Farrow & Ball Exterior Eggshell covers up to approximately 13m² per litre per coat.

As a rough guide, a 750ml tin can cover up to approximately 9.75m² per coat, while a 2.5 litre tin can cover up to approximately 32.5m² per coat.

Actual coverage will depend on the condition, texture and porosity of the surface and the method of application.

In many applications, yes. Correct preparation and priming are important for adhesion, colour development and long-term durability.

Farrow & Ball recommends Wood Primer & Undercoat for exterior woodwork and Metal Primer & Undercoat for appropriate metal surfaces.

The exact preparation depends on the material and whether the surface is bare or previously painted, so the substrate should always be assessed before painting.

Exterior Eggshell should not be used on exterior decking or other pressure-treated wood.

Farrow & Ball also states that it is not suitable for basements or buildings without a functioning damp-proof course and membrane, as moisture can cause failure between the paint and the underlying surface.

This can result in problems including flaking, peeling and blistering.

Farrow & Ball Exterior Masonry is a water-based, highly breathable matt paint designed for exterior masonry surfaces.

It combines water resistance with high water-vapour permeability, helping protect exterior surfaces while allowing moisture vapour to pass through the paint film.

It has a low 2% sheen and is designed to resist flaking, peeling and colour fade for up to 15 years when correctly prepared and applied.

Exterior Masonry is designed primarily for suitable exterior masonry surfaces including render, brickwork and concrete.

It can be used on sound previously painted masonry as well as appropriately prepared new masonry surfaces.

It can also be used on suitable interior brickwork and terracotta, subject to the correct preparation for the surface.

Farrow & Ball Exterior Masonry has a very low sheen level of approximately 2%.

This gives exterior walls a classic matt appearance rather than a visibly shiny or reflective finish.

The low sheen is particularly suited to larger rendered and masonry surfaces where a soft, understated finish is desired.

Farrow & Ball Exterior Masonry is designed to resist flaking, peeling and colour fade for up to 15 years.

The actual life of the finish will depend on factors including the condition and preparation of the surface, application and the environment to which the painted surface is exposed.

Correct preparation is particularly important with exterior masonry because moisture, loose material and structural problems can all affect the performance of the coating.

Yes. Exterior Masonry achieves Class I water-vapour permeability, indicating a high level of breathability.

Its measured water-vapour transmission resistance is 0.101m under the stated DIN EN ISO 7783-2 test method.

Breathability is important on suitable masonry because it allows water vapour to pass through the paint film rather than trapping it beneath the coating.

Exterior Masonry is formulated to provide high water resistance while remaining breathable.

Its liquid water permeability is rated Class III under DIN EN 1062-3, with a measured value of 0.06 kg/m²√24h.

This combination of low liquid-water absorption and high water-vapour permeability helps protect suitable exterior masonry from rain while allowing moisture vapour to escape.

Yes. Exterior Masonry is suitable for correctly prepared exterior render.

Old render must be sound and any serious cracking, loose cement or structural damage should be repaired before painting. Repaired or seriously degraded areas may require patch priming with Farrow & Ball Masonry & Plaster Stabilising Primer.

New render should be allowed to dry completely before painting. Farrow & Ball recommends that newly rendered surfaces are ideally left to weather for approximately three months.

Yes. Exterior Masonry can be used on suitable exterior and interior brickwork, with the exception of Fletton bricks.

The brickwork should be clean, fully dry and free from dirt, mould, salts and other contaminants. Mortar should also be fully cured before painting.

Extra care is required with solid walls or walls without effective damp proofing because moisture can cause loss of adhesion and the appearance of salts.

Yes. Exterior Masonry can be used on correctly prepared concrete surfaces.

Farrow & Ball recommends leaving new concrete uncoated for at least three months before painting.

Old or unsound concrete should be repaired as necessary and allowed to dry fully. Any areas that remain powdery can then be primed with Farrow & Ball Masonry & Plaster Stabilising Primer before painting.

Yes. Farrow & Ball Exterior Masonry can be applied to suitable terracotta surfaces.

Farrow & Ball specifies that two coats can be applied directly to terracotta, allowing a minimum of four hours drying time between coats.

No general primer is required on sound masonry surfaces.

Farrow & Ball specifically advises against using Masonry & Plaster Stabilising Primer as a general primer on sound masonry.

The Stabilising Primer is intended for patch priming repaired, powdery, seriously degraded or otherwise unsound areas where additional stabilisation is required.

Yes, but newly rendered surfaces must be allowed to dry completely before painting.

Farrow & Ball recommends ideally allowing new render to weather for approximately three months before applying the paint system.

Once completely dry, remove surface dust with a stiff-bristled brush. Any areas that remain powdery can be primed with a 10% diluted coat of Exterior Masonry before applying the finishing coats.

Farrow & Ball recommends two coats of Exterior Masonry on a correctly prepared surface.

Darker or stronger colours may require additional coats to achieve full opacity and colour depth.

Preparation requirements vary according to the condition and type of masonry, so any unsound, powdery or repaired areas should be dealt with before applying the finishing coats.

Exterior Masonry is normally dry in approximately two hours and can typically be recoated after five hours.

These drying times are based on normal conditions. Cooler temperatures and higher humidity can increase drying and recoat times.

Some darker colours may take up to 14 days to achieve their full hardness, strength and durability.

Farrow & Ball Exterior Masonry covers up to approximately 8m² per litre per coat, depending on the surface being painted.

As Exterior Masonry is supplied in a 5 litre tin, this gives a theoretical maximum coverage of approximately 40m² per coat.

Actual coverage can be lower on rough, textured or porous masonry surfaces, so the condition and absorbency of the substrate should be taken into account when calculating the amount of paint required.

Exterior Masonry is supplied ready for use, although Farrow & Ball permits dilution with water for certain applications.

On sound bare surfaces, including suitable bare brickwork and newly cement-rendered surfaces, water may be added at a 10% ratio to assist application.

When painting over exterior wall fillers, Farrow & Ball recommends an initial diluted coat of Exterior Masonry at 20–25%, followed by two coats of the chosen colour.

Yes. Exterior Masonry can be applied by either brush or roller.

Two coats should normally be applied after the appropriate surface preparation, taking care not to apply the paint too thickly in hollows, textured areas or angled sections.

Exterior Masonry can also be applied by suitable airless spray equipment where appropriate.

Exterior Masonry should not be applied below 10°C, above 30°C, in direct sunlight or when rain is likely.

Farrow & Ball recommends painting early enough in the day to give the coating time to dry before evening condensation can occur.

High humidity can slow drying and curing, while unsuitable surface temperatures and condensation can increase the risk of coating problems.

Exterior Masonry may not be suitable for lime render or other highly alkaline surfaces.

Farrow & Ball states that its finishes are suitable only for surfaces with a pH below 10. Lime-rendered walls, and surfaces previously coated with silicate or mineral-based paints, can have a higher pH and may require a specialist paint system.

If there is any doubt, the surface pH should be checked before applying Exterior Masonry.

Farrow & Ball Exterior Masonry is not suitable for highly alkaline or very porous surfaces.

The substrate should have a pH below 10. Highly alkaline surfaces, including some lime renders and surfaces previously coated with silicate or mineral-based paints, may require a specialist coating instead.

Unsound masonry with serious structural damage should also be repaired before any paint system is applied.

Farrow & Ball Casein Distemper is a traditional, highly breathable flat matt paint for interior plaster walls and ceilings.

It is made using carefully sourced casein resins and an open paint structure that allows moisture vapour to pass through the coating.

This makes it particularly useful where maintaining the breathability of traditional plaster and lime-based surfaces is important.

Casein Distemper is designed for interior plaster walls and ceilings where a traditional, breathable finish is required.

It is particularly suited to traditional and historic interiors, including correctly prepared lime-plastered surfaces.

Because it is not washable or wipeable, it is best used in lower-wear rooms rather than areas exposed to regular moisture, splashes or cleaning.

Yes. Casein Distemper has Farrow & Ball's highest Class I rating for water-vapour permeability.

Its open structure allows moisture vapour to pass through the paint film rather than sealing the underlying surface.

This high level of breathability makes it particularly appropriate for suitable traditional plaster and lime-based substrates.

Yes. Casein Distemper is particularly well suited to correctly prepared lime-plastered walls and ceilings.

Newly lime-plastered surfaces should be fully carbonated and cured before painting. Farrow & Ball recommends allowing approximately four to five weeks before application.

Lime surfaces can vary considerably in porosity, so some variation in colour or tone can occur, particularly with darker colours.

Yes, provided the plaster is sound, clean, dry and correctly prepared.

Any cracked or loose plaster should be repaired before painting. Weak or flaking previous coatings should also be removed because painting over an unstable layer can lead to subsequent flaking or peeling.

On lime-based substrates, Farrow & Ball advises against modern fillers that can trap moisture or create areas of different hardness and porosity.

No. Farrow & Ball Casein Distemper is not washable or wipeable.

Its very matt traditional surface can become marked or scuffed if it is washed or repeatedly wiped.

For areas that require greater durability and regular cleaning, a more durable finish such as Farrow & Ball Modern Emulsion should be considered instead.

No. Farrow & Ball does not recommend Casein Distemper for kitchens.

Casein Distemper is not washable or wipeable and is not intended for areas exposed to high wear, regular cleaning, splashes or condensation.

A more durable and washable interior finish is normally a better choice for kitchen walls and ceilings.

No. Farrow & Ball specifically lists bathrooms as unsuitable for Casein Distemper.

Although the finish is highly breathable, it is not washable or wipeable and should not be applied in areas subject to running condensation.

A finish designed for the greater moisture and cleaning demands of bathrooms should be used instead.

Casein Distemper can be suitable for breathable plaster surfaces in some damp cellars and basements.

Used with breathable building materials such as lime plaster, it allows moisture vapour to pass naturally through the wall rather than trapping it behind a less permeable coating.

However, breathable paint does not cure the underlying cause of damp and will not prevent water staining from appearing through the dried paint film. Areas with running condensation should not be painted with Casein Distemper.

No. Farrow & Ball Casein Distemper does not require a separate Primer & Undercoat.

The surface must instead be sound, clean, dry and free from dirt, grease and other contamination before painting.

On uneven or highly porous surfaces, a diluted coat of Casein Distemper may be required before applying the finishing coats.

Casein Distemper can be applied directly over an existing sound coating of Farrow & Ball Casein Distemper.

Farrow & Ball states that it is not suitable for direct application over surfaces painted with other finishes. Those coatings need to be removed before Casein Distemper is applied.

Weak, flaking or peeling layers should always be removed before repainting.

Farrow & Ball advises that Casein Distemper will not accept subsequent layers of modern paint finishes.

This is an important consideration when choosing Casein Distemper. Its traditional formulation and breathable nature make it different from a conventional modern wall paint.

If the surface is later being changed to a modern paint system, the existing Casein Distemper should not simply be treated as a conventional painted surface and overcoated.

Farrow & Ball recommends applying Casein Distemper by brush.

A fine-tipped synthetic bristled brush can be used, initially working the paint vertically and then spreading it evenly horizontally. The final coat should be laid off in one direction to minimise visible brush patterning.

Roller application is not recommended for large wall and ceiling areas because it can leave a slightly stippled surface texture.

Farrow & Ball does not recommend spray application of Casein Distemper on large areas such as walls and ceilings.

The traditional finish is intended primarily for brush application, which also helps create the characteristic appearance of the product.

Yes. Casein Distemper can be diluted with water when required on uneven, highly porous or variably porous surfaces.

Farrow & Ball recommends approximately 10% water when applying a diluted or 'mist' coat to an uneven or highly porous wall.

The paint should always be stirred thoroughly before water is added. Because the product can become unstable if applied too thickly, care should also be taken not to overload the surface.

The porosity and moisture content of the underlying surface can affect the colour and tone of Casein Distemper.

The product is made in a traditional manner using fine pigments, so some small variations in colour are inherent in the finish.

Lime plaster in particular can vary significantly in porosity, which can create visible tonal variation or patching. This tends to be more noticeable with darker colours.

Touching in Casein Distemper should generally be avoided where a completely uniform finish is required.

Differences in batch, surface porosity, moisture content and application can result in visible variations in colour or finish.

For the most consistent result, repainting the complete wall with the same batch and application method is preferable to repairing a small isolated area.

Farrow & Ball recommends two coats of Casein Distemper on a correctly prepared surface.

Darker or stronger colours may require additional coats. Uneven or highly porous surfaces may also require an initial diluted coat before the finishing coats are applied.

Casein Distemper is normally dry in approximately two hours and can typically be recoated after four hours.

These times are based on normal application conditions. Cooler temperatures and higher humidity can increase drying and recoat times, and darker colours may also take longer to dry.

Farrow & Ball Casein Distemper covers up to approximately 13m² per litre per coat.

A 2.5 litre tin therefore has a theoretical maximum coverage of approximately 32.5m² per coat, while a 5 litre tin can cover approximately 65m² per coat.

Actual coverage will depend on the porosity, texture and condition of the surface, with highly absorbent traditional plaster potentially requiring more paint.

Farrow & Ball Casein Distemper is available in 2.5 litre and 5 litre tins.

Colour availability can vary, so the required colour and tin size should be checked when ordering.

Farrow & Ball Limewash is a traditional, highly breathable finish for suitable interior and exterior walls and ceilings.

It is made using calcium hydroxide and is designed to bond with compatible porous building surfaces rather than forming the type of film associated with conventional modern paint.

It is particularly associated with traditional and historic buildings where maintaining the breathability of the underlying surface is important.

Farrow & Ball Limewash can be used on suitable porous walls and ceilings both inside and outside.

It is particularly suited to traditional lime-rendered and lime-plastered surfaces where a breathable decorative finish is required.

The suitability of the underlying surface is critical. Limewash is not a general-purpose alternative to conventional interior or exterior paint.

Yes. Breathability is one of the principal reasons for using Limewash on traditional building surfaces.

Lime-rendered walls normally have a high pH and need to breathe, which can make modern film-forming finishes unsuitable.

Limewash works with the porous substrate and allows the traditional construction to continue managing moisture naturally.

Farrow & Ball Limewash is not suitable for impervious surfaces such as hard cement render, gypsum plaster or brick, and it does not work well on sandstone.

Limewash needs a compatible porous substrate to perform correctly, so the existing construction and surface should always be identified before choosing this finish.

Yes. Lime render is one of the principal surfaces for which Farrow & Ball Limewash is intended.

Lime render is porous and needs to breathe, making a traditional breathable finish such as Limewash particularly appropriate.

The render must be sound and properly prepared before application, and any repairs should be made using a compatible lime-based mortar or filler.

No. Farrow & Ball specifically states that Limewash is not suitable for gypsum plaster.

Limewash requires a compatible porous mineral substrate and should not be treated as a conventional emulsion for modern plastered walls.

Farrow & Ball states that its Limewash is not suitable for use on brick.

The suitability of a traditional finish depends on the particular substrate, so Limewash should only be used on surfaces for which it is recommended.

Yes. Farrow & Ball Limewash is designed for suitable exterior as well as interior walls and ceilings.

It is particularly useful on traditional lime-rendered exterior walls where a breathable finish is required.

Weather conditions during and after application are important. Limewash should not be applied in very damp, wet or windy conditions, in direct sunlight, or when frost is likely during the weeks following application.

The surface must be sound and free from dirt, grease, loose material and other contamination before Limewash is applied.

Cracked or loose lime render should be repaired using a suitable lime-based mortar or filler. Farrow & Ball advises against modern fillers on lime-based substrates because they can trap moisture and may be too hard for the surrounding material.

Any mould or algal growth should also be properly treated and the surface allowed to dry before painting.

Yes. Farrow & Ball Limewash should be applied to a freshly dampened surface, not a dry one.

Farrow & Ball recommends dampening approximately 3m² at a time so that the surface is damp but not running with water.

Applying Limewash to a dry surface can cause it to dry too rapidly and may result in dusting. Older Limewash, cob and lime plaster can require more dampening than harder surfaces.

Yes. Farrow & Ball Limewash can require dilution with water according to the surface and site conditions.

Farrow & Ball states that typical dilution may be between approximately 10% and 30%, although considerably greater dilution — potentially up to 100% — can be required depending on the surface.

Limewash should be stirred thoroughly before use and regularly during application.

Farrow & Ball recommends four coats of Limewash as its standard technical specification.

The coats should be applied thinly, allowing each previous coat to dry fully before the next is applied. The previous coat should then be lightly dampened before recoating.

New exterior surfaces, colour changes and some stronger colours may require additional coats.

Farrow & Ball Limewash is normally dry in approximately three hours, with a typical recoat time of around 12 hours.

Drying can take longer in cooler temperatures or higher humidity, and darker colours may also take longer.

Although the initial drying occurs relatively quickly, Limewash continues to harden and strengthen for several weeks after application.

Limewash should be applied in several thin coats using a long-haired or masonry paintbrush.

It should be worked evenly into cracks and joins without allowing excessive paint to build up, as applying it too thickly can cause crazing as it dries.

Maintaining a wet edge is important, with the surface dampened progressively as the work moves across the wall. Farrow & Ball recommends professional application.

Farrow & Ball's application instructions specify a long-haired or masonry paintbrush for Limewash.

Limewash needs to be worked into the porous surface in several thin coats while maintaining a wet edge, so it should be applied according to the recommended brush application method.

No. Farrow & Ball does not recommend spray application of Limewash due to the hazardous nature of the product.

Limewash contains calcium hydroxide and should be handled and applied in accordance with the product's safety instructions.

No. Farrow & Ball Limewash is not washable or wipeable.

Its exceptionally matt traditional surface can become marked or scuffed if cleaning is attempted.

Limewash should therefore be selected for its traditional appearance and compatibility with suitable breathable substrates rather than for washability or resistance to everyday wear.

Variation in colour and tone is a natural characteristic of Limewash because its appearance is influenced by the surface beneath it.

Lime renders can vary considerably in porosity, which can lead to tonal variation or patching. This can be particularly noticeable with darker colours.

Repairs should therefore have a similar density to the surrounding substrate wherever possible to help minimise uneven colour.

The appearance of Limewash changes as it dries, and Farrow & Ball states that some colours can appear up to ten shades darker when wet.

The final appearance is also influenced by the underlying surface, so wet Limewash should not be used as an indication of its eventual dry colour.

Farrow & Ball states that its traditional Limewash will not accept subsequent layers of modern paints.

This should be considered before choosing Limewash, particularly if the surface may later be changed to a conventional modern paint system.

Yes, but newly lime-plastered surfaces must first be allowed to carbonate and cure fully.

Farrow & Ball recommends allowing approximately four to five weeks before applying Limewash to newly lime-plastered surfaces.

Limewash should be applied in mild, settled conditions and protected from extremes while it cures.

Farrow & Ball advises against application below 10°C, above 30°C, in direct sunlight, in very damp, wet or windy weather, or when rain is likely.

There should also be no danger of frost for several weeks after exterior Limewash has been applied. For best results, Farrow & Ball recommends applying it early enough in the day to dry before evening condensation develops.

There is no single fixed coverage figure for Farrow & Ball Limewash because coverage varies according to the surface and application conditions.

Porosity, required dilution, the condition of the substrate and the number of coats can all significantly affect the quantity required.

This makes calculating Limewash requirements different from calculating the quantity of a conventional paint with a fixed square-metre-per-litre coverage rate.

Farrow & Ball Limewash is available in 5 litre tins.

Colour availability should be checked before ordering, particularly because Limewash is a specialist traditional finish rather than part of the standard modern paint range.

Farrow & Ball Soft Distemper is a traditional, very matt interior finish designed for fine plasterwork, ceilings, cornices and decorative mouldings.

It is made using natural resin and minerals and produces an exceptionally soft, powdery appearance with a sheen level of approximately 2%.

Unlike a conventional modern emulsion, Soft Distemper is particularly useful on delicate architectural detailing because it can be removed relatively easily when the decoration is renewed.

Soft Distemper is intended for suitable interior plaster surfaces, particularly ceilings, cornices and intricate decorative plasterwork.

It is especially useful in traditional or historic interiors where preserving fine plaster details and maintaining a traditional powdery appearance are important.

It is a specialist decorative finish rather than a general-purpose wall paint and is not suitable where a washable or highly durable surface is required.

Yes. Ceilings are one of the principal applications for Farrow & Ball Soft Distemper.

Its very matt, powdery appearance makes it particularly appropriate for traditional ceilings and decorative plasterwork where a modern paint finish may not provide the desired appearance.

Farrow & Ball also notes that Soft Distemper allows plaster ceilings affected by salt problems to breathe, allowing the condition to continue to be monitored.

Yes. Soft Distemper is particularly well suited to cornices, decorative mouldings and other intricate interior plasterwork.

One of its important characteristics is that it can be removed relatively easily from decorative detailing, helping to avoid the gradual loss of fine detail that can occur when many layers of conventional paint accumulate over time.

No. Farrow & Ball Soft Distemper is not washable or wipeable.

Its very matt surface can become marked or scuffed if cleaning is attempted.

For areas exposed to frequent handling, cleaning or everyday wear, a more durable finish such as Farrow & Ball Modern Emulsion should be considered instead.

Soft Distemper is not designed to provide the durability of Farrow & Ball's modern washable paint finishes.

It is a specialist traditional finish chosen primarily for its appearance, breathability and suitability for fine plasterwork rather than resistance to cleaning and everyday wear.

It is therefore best used on suitable ceilings and decorative plaster details rather than high-traffic or frequently cleaned surfaces.

Soft Distemper is suitable for traditional plaster applications where allowing the underlying surface to breathe can be important.

Farrow & Ball specifically notes that on plaster ceilings affected by salt problems, Soft Distemper allows the ceiling to breathe and enables the condition to be monitored.

Yes, but newly lime-plastered surfaces must be allowed to carbonate and cure fully before Soft Distemper is applied.

Farrow & Ball recommends allowing newly lime-plastered surfaces to cure for approximately four to five weeks before application.

Existing distemper should be thoroughly washed away before applying Farrow & Ball Soft Distemper.

Particular attention should be paid to crevices and intricate areas within decorative mouldings, where old material can remain.

The surface should then be allowed to dry before the new Soft Distemper is applied.

No. Farrow & Ball states that Soft Distemper requires no undercoat.

The underlying surface must nevertheless be sound, clean, dry and free from dirt, grease, weak paint layers and other contamination before application.

Yes. Farrow & Ball Soft Distemper requires the addition of at least 10% water before application.

Ceilings with varying levels of porosity may require additional dilution to improve flow and help minimise variations in colour and tone.

The product should be stirred thoroughly before use.

Farrow & Ball recommends applying Soft Distemper using a fine-tipped synthetic bristled brush.

Apply the paint vertically first and then spread it evenly in a horizontal direction.

On the final coat, lay the paint off in one direction to minimise visible brush marks and patterning, particularly where changing light may reveal them.

Farrow & Ball does not recommend applying Soft Distemper by roller to large areas such as walls and ceilings.

Roller application can create a slight surface texture or stippling, which may detract from the smooth traditional appearance associated with Soft Distemper.

Yes. Farrow & Ball provides airless spray guidance for Soft Distemper.

The product advice sheet gives a typical airless setup of a 410 nozzle tip with approximately 180 bar air injection pressure, although settings may need adjusting according to the spraying equipment being used.

Farrow & Ball does not recommend HVLP spray application for large areas such as ceilings.

Farrow & Ball's technical specification recommends one coat of Soft Distemper.

Darker or stronger colours may require additional coats to achieve the desired appearance.

The condition, colour and porosity of the underlying surface can also influence the final result.

Farrow & Ball Soft Distemper is normally dry in approximately two hours.

Drying times are based on normal conditions and can be longer in cooler temperatures or higher humidity. Darker colours may also take longer to dry.

Farrow & Ball Soft Distemper has a coverage rate of up to approximately 13m² per litre per coat.

Actual coverage can vary depending on the porosity, condition and texture of the surface and the amount of dilution required.

Farrow & Ball Soft Distemper has a sheen level of approximately 2%.

This creates the characteristic very matt, soft and powdery appearance associated with traditional distemper.

Small variations in colour and tone are a natural characteristic of traditional Soft Distemper.

Farrow & Ball explains that the product is made in the traditional manner using fine pigments, so some variation in colour is inevitable.

The porosity and moisture content of the surface can also influence the colour and create changes in tone across the finished surface.

Flashing is a visible halo or variation that can appear where two drying edges of paint meet.

Because Soft Distemper is very matt, this can be particularly noticeable with darker colours.

Maintaining a wet edge while painting helps reduce the risk of flashing and creates a more even finished appearance.

Farrow & Ball states that Soft Distemper will not accept subsequent layers of modern paint.

This is an important consideration when choosing the finish, particularly if you expect the surface to be redecorated later using a conventional modern paint system.

Farrow & Ball Soft Distemper is available in 5 litre tins.

Colour availability should be checked before ordering because Soft Distemper is a specialist traditional finish.

Dead Flat and Modern Emulsion are both durable interior finishes, but Dead Flat has an ultra-matt 2% sheen and can be used across multiple surfaces, while Modern Emulsion has a slightly higher 7% sheen and is primarily a wall and ceiling finish.

Dead Flat can be used on interior walls, ceilings and suitable woodwork and metal, allowing the same matt appearance to continue across several surfaces. It is washable, wipeable and scuff-resistant.

Modern Emulsion is a highly durable, washable wall and ceiling finish particularly suited to kitchens, bathrooms, hallways and other busy or moisture-prone rooms.

Choose Dead Flat when you want an ultra-matt, multi-surface finish or are planning a colour-drenched interior. Choose Modern Emulsion when you specifically need a hard-wearing wall and ceiling paint for a busy room.

Both Dead Flat and Estate Emulsion have a very matt 2% sheen, but Dead Flat is considerably more durable and can be used on more surfaces.

Estate Emulsion is Farrow & Ball's traditional chalky wall and ceiling finish. It is best suited to lower-traffic areas such as bedrooms and living rooms where its soft appearance is more important than maximum durability.

Dead Flat combines a similarly low sheen with greater resistance to everyday wear and can also be used on suitable interior woodwork and metal.

Choose Estate Emulsion for the traditional chalky appearance in a lower-wear room. Choose Dead Flat when you want a similarly matt appearance with greater practicality and multi-surface capability.

Modern Emulsion is the more durable and washable option, while Estate Emulsion provides Farrow & Ball's traditional chalky, very matt appearance.

Modern Emulsion has approximately 7% sheen and is designed for walls and ceilings in hard-working areas including kitchens, bathrooms and hallways.

Estate Emulsion has approximately 2% sheen and provides a softer, flatter appearance, but it is better suited to lower-traffic rooms where regular cleaning isn't required.

For a kitchen, bathroom, hallway or busy family room, Modern Emulsion is normally the better choice. For a bedroom, sitting room or traditional interior where maximum mattness is the priority, Estate Emulsion may be preferred.

The biggest visible difference is sheen: Modern Eggshell has approximately 40% sheen, while Flat Eggshell has approximately 20%.

Both are durable interior finishes intended primarily for suitable wood and metal surfaces.

Modern Eggshell produces the more noticeable mid-sheen appearance and is particularly useful on hard-working surfaces such as kitchen cupboards, furniture, stairs and suitable floors.

Flat Eggshell gives woodwork and metal a softer, lower-sheen appearance while still providing a durable, washable finish.

Choose Modern Eggshell when durability and a stronger sheen are desirable. Choose Flat Eggshell when you want durable woodwork with a subtler, flatter appearance.

Flat Eggshell provides a subtle 20% sheen, while Full Gloss produces Farrow & Ball's highest-shine finish at approximately 95% sheen.

Flat Eggshell creates a relatively understated finish on interior woodwork and metal, making it useful for doors, skirting boards, architraves and furniture where you don't want a pronounced shine.

Full Gloss creates a highly reflective finish and can be used on suitable interior and exterior wood and metal.

Choose Flat Eggshell for subtle, contemporary-looking woodwork. Choose Full Gloss when you deliberately want a bold, traditional or statement high-gloss appearance.

Both can be used on suitable interior woodwork, but they produce very different appearances.

Dead Flat has approximately 2% sheen and is useful when you want woodwork to have an ultra-matt appearance, particularly when using the same colour and finish across walls, doors, skirting and other surfaces.

Modern Eggshell has approximately 40% sheen and provides a more noticeable eggshell appearance for woodwork, furniture and other hard-working interior surfaces.

Choose Dead Flat for ultra-matt woodwork and seamless colour drenching. Choose Modern Eggshell when you want a more pronounced sheen and a finish intended for particularly hard-working woodwork.

Modern Emulsion is generally the most suitable Farrow & Ball finish for kitchen walls.

It is designed for hard-working interior walls and ceilings and provides greater washability and resistance to moisture and everyday marks than Estate Emulsion.

Dead Flat can also be considered where its ultra-matt multi-surface appearance is desirable and the particular surface and location are suitable.

For most customers asking specifically for a durable Farrow & Ball kitchen wall paint, Modern Emulsion is the straightforward choice.

Modern Emulsion is generally the best Farrow & Ball finish for bathroom walls and ceilings.

Its durable, washable formulation is designed for rooms exposed to greater moisture and condensation than ordinary living spaces.

Estate Emulsion, Casein Distemper and Soft Distemper should not be treated as substitutes where bathroom-level moisture resistance and cleaning are required.

For most normal domestic bathrooms, Modern Emulsion should be the starting point.

Modern Eggshell is generally the strongest choice for kitchen cupboards where a durable, washable finish is required.

Its approximately 40% sheen creates a noticeable eggshell appearance and it is designed for hard-working interior woodwork.

Flat Eggshell is an alternative where you want a softer 20% sheen, while Dead Flat offers an ultra-matt appearance where that particular look is the priority.

For conventional painted kitchen cabinetry, Modern Eggshell is generally the most practical starting point.

Dead Flat, Flat Eggshell, Modern Eggshell and Full Gloss can all be appropriate depending on the appearance and level of sheen you want.

Dead Flat — 2%
Ultra-matt and particularly effective for contemporary colour drenching.

Flat Eggshell — 20%
A subtle sheen that distinguishes the woodwork without making it glossy.

Modern Eggshell — 40%
A more noticeable, hard-wearing eggshell appearance.

Full Gloss — 95%
A highly reflective statement finish.

There isn't one universally best choice — the main decision is how much sheen you want the woodwork to have and the demands placed on the surface.

Dead Flat, Modern Emulsion and Estate Emulsion can all be used on interior ceilings, with the best choice depending on the room and appearance required.

Estate Emulsion gives a traditional chalky, very matt appearance and works particularly well on ceilings in lower-wear rooms.

Dead Flat provides an equally low 2% sheen with greater durability and is especially useful when walls and ceilings are being painted in the same finish.

Modern Emulsion is particularly useful on ceilings in kitchens, bathrooms and other rooms where greater moisture resistance and washability are desirable.

For specialist traditional plaster ceilings, Casein Distemper or Soft Distemper may be appropriate, depending on the substrate and requirements of the building.

The most durable Farrow & Ball finish depends on the surface being painted.

For hard-working interior walls and ceilings, Modern Emulsion is designed for durability and washability.

For hard-working interior woodwork, furniture and suitable floors, Modern Eggshell is designed to withstand considerably more wear than a traditional wall emulsion.

For interior and exterior wood and metal where a high-gloss finish is required, Full Gloss provides another highly durable option.

The correct comparison is therefore not simply which paint is toughest, but which durable finish is designed for the surface you're painting.

Modern Emulsion and Modern Eggshell are among the Farrow & Ball finishes designed for areas where washability and durability are particularly important, but they are intended for different surfaces.

Modern Emulsion is the appropriate comparison for hard-working walls and ceilings, while Modern Eggshell is intended for hard-working interior wood, metal and suitable floors.

Dead Flat is also washable and wipeable while providing a much lower 2% sheen.

Traditional finishes such as Casein Distemper, Limewash and Soft Distemper are not washable or wipeable and shouldn't be chosen where regular cleaning is required.

Several Farrow & Ball finishes provide an extremely matt appearance, but they aren't interchangeable because they're designed for different purposes.

Among the principal modern interior finishes:

Dead Flat — approximately 2%
Estate Emulsion — approximately 2%
Modern Emulsion — approximately 7%
Flat Eggshell — approximately 20%
Modern Eggshell — approximately 40%
Full Gloss — approximately 95%

Dead Flat and Estate Emulsion therefore provide the lowest sheen among these mainstream finishes, but Dead Flat offers greater durability and a wider range of suitable interior surfaces.

Dead Flat is particularly well suited to colour drenching because the same ultra-matt finish can be continued across several interior surfaces.

It can be used on suitable walls, ceilings, woodwork, metal and radiators, allowing doors, skirting boards, walls and ceilings to share both the same colour and the same approximately 2% sheen.

Other Farrow & Ball finishes can also be used in colour-drenched schemes, but Dead Flat is particularly useful when a seamless ultra-matt appearance is wanted across several suitable surfaces.

There isn't one Farrow & Ball finish that is automatically best for every period property — the correct choice depends on both the surface and the construction of the building.

Estate Emulsion provides Farrow & Ball's traditional chalky matt appearance on conventional interior walls and ceilings.

Casein Distemper is a specialist breathable finish for suitable traditional plaster surfaces.

Soft Distemper is particularly useful for fine plasterwork, ceilings, cornices and decorative mouldings.

Limewash is designed for compatible porous traditional surfaces such as suitable lime render.

The important distinction is that traditional appearance and traditional building compatibility are not the same thing. A finish should be selected according to the actual substrate rather than simply because the property is old.

Casein Distemper, Limewash and Soft Distemper are traditional specialist finishes, but each is designed for different surfaces and purposes.

Casein Distemper is a highly breathable, flat matt finish for suitable interior plaster walls and ceilings.

Limewash is a traditional breathable finish that bonds with compatible porous mineral surfaces and can be used in suitable interior and exterior applications, particularly on lime-based substrates.

Soft Distemper is an interior finish particularly suited to fine plasterwork, ceilings, cornices and intricate decorative mouldings. One of its advantages is that it can be removed relatively easily from fine detailing during future redecoration.

These products shouldn't be selected simply according to appearance. The underlying substrate is fundamental to choosing the correct traditional finish.

Choose your Farrow & Ball finish according to the surface, room and level of durability you need.

For most interior walls, choose between Dead Flat, Modern Emulsion and Estate Emulsion. Dead Flat provides an ultra-matt, durable multi-surface finish; Modern Emulsion is particularly suited to busy or moisture-prone rooms; and Estate Emulsion provides the traditional chalky matt appearance for lower-traffic spaces.

For interior woodwork, consider Dead Flat for an ultra-matt look, Flat Eggshell for a subtle sheen, Modern Eggshell for a more pronounced and hard-wearing eggshell finish, or Full Gloss for maximum shine.

For exterior wood and metal, choose an appropriate exterior-rated finish such as Exterior Eggshell or Full Gloss.

For exterior masonry, use Exterior Masonry on suitable surfaces.

For traditional and specialist substrates, Casein Distemper, Limewash and Soft Distemper each have specific uses and should be selected according to the construction and condition of the surface.

If you're unsure, start with the surface you're painting rather than the colour you want — that will usually narrow the choice of finish very quickly.